The First Model For The EU: Ottoman State – 1
From Conference: Islam in Europe or Islam of Europe? European Parliament, 11 December 2002 By Prof. Dr. Ahmed Akgündüz Rector, The Islamic University of Rotterdam 1.The Emergence of Ottoman State The thorny issue involving the case of Muslims living in the European hosting countries could be formulated in the…
Excursions and Entertainments at the Ottoman Harem
There were four main sorts of entertainments in the Harem: i. Excursions So that the women of the Harem did not lead an entirely enclosed life, particularly in the summer, outside trips were organized called ‘beylik’ excursions. One of the most famous of these excursion spots in the Tulip Period…
Age Of Fatrah (Interregnum) For Ottoman State
Prof. Dr. Ahmed Akgündüz What does Age of Fatrah (Interregnum) mean? It is the fruitless and miserable period for eleven years, which began with the Ottoman State’s dismemberment with Ankara defeat in 1402, continued with the Lightning’s children’s fight for the Sultanate and ended in 1413 with Chelebi Mehmed I’s…
Why Did The Ottoman Sultans Not Make Hajj?
Prof. Dr. Ahmed Akgündüz This is an oft-asked question and the best occasion to answer this question is the issue of Osman II, for the answer thereto was given in the Incident of the Assassination of Osman II. First of all, we should summarize the stipulations for Hajj to be…
Why Did British Settle in Australia?
The founding of Australia differs to other British settlements, as it turned into a debate, which has been discussed by people who related to the topic for many years, whether Australia was established because of transporting criminals or not. Being gaps in documentary evidences and misunderstanding of the motivation of…